From Differentiated Coffee Markets Towards Alternative Trade and Knowledge Networks

This chapter presents a case study focusing on the Community Agroecology Network (CAN), an organization started by the United States and Mesoamerica’s activists, whose effort is to create an alternative trade and knowledge network. The basic aim behind CAN is to benefit conservation and social development efforts by linking producers, consumers, and producer organizations. CAN is a response to the problems arising out of the dominance of certification processes in Fair Trade and organic coffee networks, and the chapter discusses the organization’s main goals of intercommunity relationship development, direct coffee marketing, and ecological sustainability. It moots a comparison between alternative agro-food networks and CAN on the grounds of biodiversity conservation, empowerment, and enhanced livelihoods

Hadronic molecules: meson-baryon hybrids

The existence of hadronic molecular-type hybrids consisting of a baryon and a meson is argued. Long-range interactions due to one-pion exchange is shown to be strong enough to produce a loosely bound state. Specific features of a molecular hybrid are discussed.Comment: 7 pages in RevTeX plus 1 figure (available upon request

The effect of reionization on the COBE normalization

We point out that the effect of reionization on the microwave anisotropy power spectrum is not necessarily negligible on the scales probed by COBE. It can lead to an upward shift of the COBE normalization by more than the one-sigma error quoted ignoring reionization. We provide a fitting function to incorporate reionization into the normalization of the matter power spectrum.Comment: 3 pages LaTeX file with three figures incorporated (uses mn.sty and epsf

Self-dual solutions of Yang-Mills theory on Euclidean AdS space

We find non-trivial, time-dependent solutions of the (anti) self-dual Yang-Mills equations in the four dimensional Euclidean Anti-de Sitter space. In contrast to the Euclidean flat space, the action depends on the moduli parameters and the charge can take any non-integer value.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures; version 2: new references added, to appear in PR

Low frequency measurements of synchrotron absorbing HII regions and modeling of observed synchrotron emissivity

Cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields are dynamically important components in the Galaxy, and their energy densities are comparable to that of the turbulent interstellar gas. The interaction of CRs and Galactic magnetic fields produces synchrotron radiation clearly visible in the radio regime. Detailed measurements of synchrotron radiation averaged over the line-of-sight (LOS), so-called synchrotron emissivities, can be used as a tracer of the CR density and Galactic magnetic field (GMF) strength. Our aim is to model the synchrotron emissivity in the Milky Way using a 3 dimensional dataset instead of LOS-integrated intensity maps on the sky. Using absorbed HII regions we can measure the synchrotron emissivity over a part of the LOS through the Galaxy, changing from a 2 dimensional to a 3 dimensional view. Performing these measurements on a large scale is one of the new applications of the window opened by current low frequency arrays. Using various simple axisymmetric emissivity models and a number of GMF-based emissivity models we can simulate the synchrotron emissivities and compare them to the observed values in the catalog. We present a catalog of low-frequency absorption measurements of HII regions, their distances and electron temperatures, compiled from literature. These data show that the axisymmetric emissivity models are not complex enough, but the GMF-based emissivity models deliver a reasonable fit. These models suggest that the fit can be improved by either an enhanced synchrotron emissivity in the outer reaches of the Milky Way, or an emissivity drop near the Galactic center. State-of-the-art GMF models plus a constant CR density model cannot explain low-frequency absorption measurements, but the fits improved with slight (ad-hoc) adaptations. It is clear that more detailed models are needed, but the current results are very promising.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&

The Drell-Yan process and Deep Inelastic Scattering from the lattice

We report on measurements of the h_1 structure function, relevant to calculating cross-sections for the Drell-Yan process. This is a quantity which can not be measured in Deep Inelastic Scattering, it gives additional information on the spin carried by the valence quarks, as well as insights on how relativistic the quarks are.Comment: 3 pages, Latex, 3 figures, espcrc2.sty included, Talk presented at LATTICE96(phenomenology

The nonperturbative origin of delta-function singularity in the chirally-odd twist-3 distribution function e(x)

We analytically prove that the existence of the delta-function singularity in the chirally-odd twist-3 distribution $e(x)$ of the nucleon is inseparably connected with the nonvanishing quark condensate as a signal of the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of the QCD vacuum. This singularity in $e(x)$, which would be observed as a sizable violation of the 1st moment sum rule, is then interpreted as giving a very rare case that the nontrivial vacuum structure of QCD manifests in an observable of a localized QCD excitation, i.e. the nucleon.Comment: 9 pages, 1 eps-figur

Ex-ante measure of patent quality reveals intrinsic fitness for citation-network growth

We have constructed a fitness parameter, characterizing the intrinsic attractiveness for patents to be cited, from attributes of the associated inventions known at the time a patent is granted. This exogenously obtained fitness is shown to determine the temporal growth of the citation network in conjunction with mechanisms of preferential attachment and obsolescence-induced ageing that operate without reference to characteristics of individual patents. Our study opens a window on understanding quantitatively the interplay of the rich-gets-richer and fit-gets-richer paradigms that have been suggested to govern the growth dynamics of real-world complex networks.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, RevTex4.1, v2: minor changes, version to appear as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev.